Linux · 2008-11-21

linux-ls命令

linux的ls命令

ls命令就是list的缩写,缺省下ls用来打印出当前目录的清单,如果ls指定其他目录,那么就会显示指定目录里的文件及文件夹清单。

debian:/var/log# ls
acpid auth.log.0 debug dpkg.log lastlog mail.log.0 mysql squid3 syslog.6.gz
acpid.1.gz auth.log.1.gz debug.0 dpkg.log.1 lpr.log mail.log.1.gz mysql.err syslog user.log
acpid.2.gz auth.log.2.gz dmesg exim4 mail.err mail.log.2.gz mysql.log syslog.0 user.log.0
acpid.3.gz boot dmesg.0 faillog mail.info mail.warn mysql.log.1.gz syslog.1.gz uucp.log
apache2 btmp dmesg.1.gz fsck mail.info.0 messages news syslog.2.gz uucp.log.0
aptitude btmp.1 dmesg.2.gz installer mail.info.1.gz messages.0 ntpstats syslog.3.gz wtmp
aptitude.1.gz daemon.log dmesg.3.gz kern.log mail.info.2.gz messages.1.gz php_backup.log syslog.4.gz wtmp.1
auth.log daemon.log.0 dmesg.4.gz kern.log.0 mail.log messages.2.gz pycentral.log syslog.5.gz



ls -l 树状排列

debian:/var/log# ls -l
total 1260
-rw-r—– 1 root root 124 2008-11-19 18:17 acpid
-rw-r—– 1 root root 64 2008-11-09 06:25 acpid.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root root 64 2008-11-02 06:25 acpid.2.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root root 159 2008-10-31 00:12 acpid.3.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2008-11-20 06:25 apache2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 21616 2008-11-20 16:37 aptitude
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1086 2008-10-31 20:50 aptitude.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 65616 2008-11-21 11:17 auth.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 93721 2008-11-16 06:47 auth.log.0
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 4508 2008-11-09 06:47 auth.log.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 2075 2008-11-02 06:47 auth.log.2.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 31 2008-10-30 23:19 boot
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 0 2008-11-01 06:25 btmp
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 0 2008-10-30 23:19 btmp.1
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 182456 2008-11-21 11:22 daemon.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 8397 2008-10-31 00:12 daemon.log.0
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 4991 2008-11-19 18:17 debug
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 24855 2008-10-31 01:01 debug.0

……


ls -hl 已字节,k,m来排列

debian:/var/log# ls -hl|more
total 1.3M
-rw-r—– 1 root root 124 2008-11-19 18:17 acpid
-rw-r—– 1 root root 64 2008-11-09 06:25 acpid.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root root 64 2008-11-02 06:25 acpid.2.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root root 159 2008-10-31 00:12 acpid.3.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K 2008-11-20 06:25 apache2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 22K 2008-11-20 16:37 aptitude
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1.1K 2008-10-31 20:50 aptitude.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 65K 2008-11-21 11:39 auth.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 92K 2008-11-16 06:47 auth.log.0
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 4.5K 2008-11-09 06:47 auth.log.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 2.1K 2008-11-02 06:47 auth.log.2.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 31 2008-10-30 23:19 boot
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 0 2008-11-01 06:25 btmp
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 0 2008-10-30 23:19 btmp.1
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 180K 2008-11-21 11:57 daemon.log


ls -lhS 排序,从大到小,h上面说过了。

debian:/var/log# ls -lhS
total 1.3M
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 286K 2008-11-21 11:09 lastlog
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 180K 2008-11-21 11:57 daemon.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 124K 2008-10-31 23:59 dpkg.log.1
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 123K 2008-10-31 01:01 kern.log.0
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 92K 2008-11-16 06:47 auth.log.0
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 67K 2008-10-31 22:28 wtmp.1
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 65K 2008-11-21 11:39 auth.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 51K 2008-11-21 06:25 syslog.0
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 37K 2008-11-21 11:57 messages
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 34K 2008-11-21 11:09 wtmp
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 32K 2008-11-20 16:37 dpkg.log


那从小到大呢? 这样: ls -lhSr
r表示reverse 扭转,R是递归

-r, –reverse
reverse order while sorting

-R, –recursive
list subdirectories recursively

debian:/var/log# ls -lhSr
total 1.3M
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2008-10-30 23:26 pycentral.log
-rw-r—– 1 mysql adm 0 2008-11-21 06:25 mysql.log
-rw-r—– 1 mysql adm 0 2008-11-19 12:58 mysql.err
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 0 2008-10-30 23:28 lpr.log
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 0 2008-10-30 23:19 btmp.1
-rw-rw-r– 1 root utmp 0 2008-11-01 06:25 btmp
-rw-r—– 1 mysql adm 20 2008-11-19 12:58 mysql.log.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 31 2008-10-30 23:19 boot
-rw-r—– 1 root root 64 2008-11-02 06:25 acpid.2.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root root 64 2008-11-09 06:25 acpid.1.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root root 124 2008-11-19 18:17 acpid
-rw-r—– 1 root root 159 2008-10-31 00:12 acpid.3.gz


ls -R 就是目录递归,例如查看 /var/log 下面有多少文件,里面的文件夹里,还有什么文件?

debian:~# ls -lhR /var/log/ |more

/var/log/apache2:
total 76K
…………………..

-rw-r—– 1 root adm 1022 2008-11-17 22:59 access.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 230 2008-11-14 00:14 access.log.1
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 1.4K 2008-11-07 10:09 access.log.2.gz
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 726 2008-11-20 06:25 error.log
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 184 2008-11-16 06:25 error.log.1
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 788 2008-11-09 06:25 error.log.2.gz

…………………..

/var/log/exim4:
total 8.0K
-rw-r—– 1 Debian-exim adm 0 2008-11-01 06:25 mainlog
-rw-r—– 1 Debian-exim adm 4.8K 2008-10-31 21:01 mainlog.1

/var/log/fsck:
total 8.0K
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 122 2008-11-19 18:17 checkfs
-rw-r—– 1 root adm 197 2008-11-19 18:17 checkroot

/var/log/installer:
total 672K
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K 2008-10-30 23:27 cdebconf
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 32K 2008-10-30 23:27 hardware-summary
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 149 2008-10-30 23:27 lsb-release
-rw——- 1 root root 383K 2008-10-30 23:27 partman
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 47K 2008-10-30 23:27 status
-rw——- 1 root root 192K 2008-10-30 23:27 syslog

/var/log/installer/cdebconf:
total 9.2M
-rw——- 1 root root 90K 2008-10-30 23:27 questions.dat
-rw——- 1 root root 9.1M 2008-10-30 23:27 templates.dat